HICAS and Attesa E-TS Systems
19 years 1 month ago #15739
by Teenage Kicks
1992 Toyota Celica ST185 GT-Four Widebody
1997 Toyota Celica ST202 GT
CARAI AN SHEN AN CALHAR!!!!!
HICAS and Attesa E-TS Systems was created by Teenage Kicks
HICAS System
HICAS (High Capacity Actively Controlled Suspension) is Nissan's rear wheel steering system found on cars ranging from the more recent Skyline and Z iterations to smaller models like the Nissan Cefiro (A31), 240SX/180SX and Nissan Serena/Nissan Largo. It is also found on models from Nissan's Infiniti division, such as the Q45 and the M45/M35. Unlike other four wheel steering systems, HICAS and Super HICAS is fitted to improve handling rather than as a parking aid.
Earlier HICAS versions used hydraulics to steer the rear wheels. The hydraulic system was powered by the power steering pump and used speed sensors to determine how much and which direction to steer the rear wheels. Later versions, called Super HICAS, moved to an electric actuator for the rear steering rack, making the system much lighter. The Super HICAS system also used its own computer to control the system instead of speed sensors. HICAS and Super HICAS rear wheel steering is limited to about 1 degree in either direction.
HICAS was introduced on the 1986 Skyline GTS coupes (GTS, GTS-R, and GTS-X). The system was later adapted to work on many models in the Nissan range, beginning with the Passage GT.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
ATTESA System
ATTESA-ETS (Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All - Electronic Torque Split) is the advanced electronic version of Nissan's ATTESA four-wheel drive system. The newer version of ATTESA E-TS is called ATTESA E-TS Pro.
How it works
ATTESA E-TS is featured in the north-south layout vehicles, and was first used in August 1989 in the Nissan Skyline GT-R and Nissan Skyline GTS4. It utilizes what is mostly a conventional RWD gearbox. Although the Skyline GT-R is exclusively AWD, ATTESA E-TS is also used in Nissan models that are also available as RWD such as the A31 Nissan Cefiro which was the second Nissan to feature the system exactly a year later in August 1990. Drive to the rear wheels is constant via a tailshaft and rear differential, however drive to the front wheels is more complex by utilizing a transfer case at the rear of the gearbox. The drive for the front wheels comes from a transfer case bolted on the end of an almost traditional RWD transmission although the (bell housing is slightly different to allow the driveshaft for thr front wheels to pass it, the main body is exactly the same as the RWD transmission, the tail-shaft is different to couple to the transfer case). A short driveshaft for the front wheels exits the transfer case on the right side. Inside the transfer case a chain drives a multi-plate wet clutch pack, torque is apportioned using a clutch pack center differential, similar to the type employed in the Steyr-Daimler-Puch system in the Porsche 959. On the rear differential is a high pressure electric oil pump, this pump pressurises Normal ATF oil (0-288psi) into the transfercase to engage the clutchpack. The higher the oil pressure the transfer case is supplied with, the more the clutch pack engages, this is how the torque to the front wheels is varied. The transfer case has its own dedicated ATF (nissan special ATF) oil to lubricate the chain/clutch pack. The front driveshaft runs along the right side of the transmission, into a differential located on the right of the engine's oilpan. The front right axle is shorter than the left, as the differential is closer to the right wheel. The front left axle runs through the engine's sump to the left wheel.
The ATTESA E-TS layout is more advanced than the ATTESA system, and uses a 16bit microprocessor that monitors the cars movements at 100 times per second to sense traction loss by measuring the speed of each wheel via the ABS sensors. A three axis G-Sensor mounted underneath the center console feed lateral and longitudinal inputs into an ECU, this ECU controls both the ATTESA E-TS 4wd system and the ABS system. The ECU can then direct up to and including 50% of the power to the front wheels. When slip is detected on one of the rear wheels (rear wheels turn 5% or more than the front wheels), the system directs torque to the front wheels which run a viscous LSD. Rather than locking the AWD in all the time or having a system that is \"all or nothing\", the ATTESA E-TS system can apportion different ratios of torque to the front wheels as it sees fit. This provides the driver with an AWD vehicle that performs like a rear wheel drive vehicle in perfect conditions and can recover control when conditions aren't as perfect. The advantage to a more traditional ATTESA (Viscous LSD) system is response in hundredths of a second.
ATTESA-ETS Pro
In 1995, with the introduction of the R33 Skyline GT-R, Nissan introduced a new version of their ATTESA system. It was named ATTESA-ETS Pro, as an upgrade from the earlier ATTESA ETS. It was standard equipment in the R33 Skyline GT-R Vspec model, however it was offered as an option on the standard R33 Skyline GT-R, and called the \"Active LSD option\". It was also standard equipment on all R34 Skyline GT-R models.
ATTESA-E-TS Pro differs from the standard ATTESA-E-TS in a few ways. Where ATTESA-E-TS controls the front to rear torque-split, the Pro is also capable of left-and-right torque split to the rear wheels. This is done via an active rear limited-slip differential. Additionally, the ATTESA-E-TS Pro was marketed as controlling the four-wheel independent ABS braking system. This is not part of the AWD system, but the ECU makes use of the same sensors to determine wheel slip, and traction.
On ATTESA-E-TS Pro equipped vehicles, the front differential remains a standard limited slip differential, not being linked to the ATTESA-E-TS Pro system.
Models
ATTESA E-TS system is used in the following models:
R32 and R33 (1989-1997) GTS4 Skyline
GT-R - 1989–2003
Nissan Stagea
A31 Cefiro
Infiniti G35x/Nissan Skyline (V35 & V36) ((sportwagon versions only))
Infiniti FX
Nissan Fuga (Known as Infiniti M in export markets]]
ATTESA E-TS Pro system is used in the following models:
ATTESA E-TS Pro system is used in the following models:
R33 (1995-1997) Nissan Skyline GT-R (offered as a factory option)
R33 Nissan Skyline GT-R V-spec
R34 (1998-2002) Nissan Skyline GT-R (all models)
Post edited by: Teenage Kicks, at: 2007/08/01 16:18<br><br>Post edited by: Teenage Kicks, at: 2007/08/01 16:19
HICAS (High Capacity Actively Controlled Suspension) is Nissan's rear wheel steering system found on cars ranging from the more recent Skyline and Z iterations to smaller models like the Nissan Cefiro (A31), 240SX/180SX and Nissan Serena/Nissan Largo. It is also found on models from Nissan's Infiniti division, such as the Q45 and the M45/M35. Unlike other four wheel steering systems, HICAS and Super HICAS is fitted to improve handling rather than as a parking aid.
Earlier HICAS versions used hydraulics to steer the rear wheels. The hydraulic system was powered by the power steering pump and used speed sensors to determine how much and which direction to steer the rear wheels. Later versions, called Super HICAS, moved to an electric actuator for the rear steering rack, making the system much lighter. The Super HICAS system also used its own computer to control the system instead of speed sensors. HICAS and Super HICAS rear wheel steering is limited to about 1 degree in either direction.
HICAS was introduced on the 1986 Skyline GTS coupes (GTS, GTS-R, and GTS-X). The system was later adapted to work on many models in the Nissan range, beginning with the Passage GT.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
ATTESA System
ATTESA-ETS (Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All - Electronic Torque Split) is the advanced electronic version of Nissan's ATTESA four-wheel drive system. The newer version of ATTESA E-TS is called ATTESA E-TS Pro.
How it works
ATTESA E-TS is featured in the north-south layout vehicles, and was first used in August 1989 in the Nissan Skyline GT-R and Nissan Skyline GTS4. It utilizes what is mostly a conventional RWD gearbox. Although the Skyline GT-R is exclusively AWD, ATTESA E-TS is also used in Nissan models that are also available as RWD such as the A31 Nissan Cefiro which was the second Nissan to feature the system exactly a year later in August 1990. Drive to the rear wheels is constant via a tailshaft and rear differential, however drive to the front wheels is more complex by utilizing a transfer case at the rear of the gearbox. The drive for the front wheels comes from a transfer case bolted on the end of an almost traditional RWD transmission although the (bell housing is slightly different to allow the driveshaft for thr front wheels to pass it, the main body is exactly the same as the RWD transmission, the tail-shaft is different to couple to the transfer case). A short driveshaft for the front wheels exits the transfer case on the right side. Inside the transfer case a chain drives a multi-plate wet clutch pack, torque is apportioned using a clutch pack center differential, similar to the type employed in the Steyr-Daimler-Puch system in the Porsche 959. On the rear differential is a high pressure electric oil pump, this pump pressurises Normal ATF oil (0-288psi) into the transfercase to engage the clutchpack. The higher the oil pressure the transfer case is supplied with, the more the clutch pack engages, this is how the torque to the front wheels is varied. The transfer case has its own dedicated ATF (nissan special ATF) oil to lubricate the chain/clutch pack. The front driveshaft runs along the right side of the transmission, into a differential located on the right of the engine's oilpan. The front right axle is shorter than the left, as the differential is closer to the right wheel. The front left axle runs through the engine's sump to the left wheel.
The ATTESA E-TS layout is more advanced than the ATTESA system, and uses a 16bit microprocessor that monitors the cars movements at 100 times per second to sense traction loss by measuring the speed of each wheel via the ABS sensors. A three axis G-Sensor mounted underneath the center console feed lateral and longitudinal inputs into an ECU, this ECU controls both the ATTESA E-TS 4wd system and the ABS system. The ECU can then direct up to and including 50% of the power to the front wheels. When slip is detected on one of the rear wheels (rear wheels turn 5% or more than the front wheels), the system directs torque to the front wheels which run a viscous LSD. Rather than locking the AWD in all the time or having a system that is \"all or nothing\", the ATTESA E-TS system can apportion different ratios of torque to the front wheels as it sees fit. This provides the driver with an AWD vehicle that performs like a rear wheel drive vehicle in perfect conditions and can recover control when conditions aren't as perfect. The advantage to a more traditional ATTESA (Viscous LSD) system is response in hundredths of a second.
ATTESA-ETS Pro
In 1995, with the introduction of the R33 Skyline GT-R, Nissan introduced a new version of their ATTESA system. It was named ATTESA-ETS Pro, as an upgrade from the earlier ATTESA ETS. It was standard equipment in the R33 Skyline GT-R Vspec model, however it was offered as an option on the standard R33 Skyline GT-R, and called the \"Active LSD option\". It was also standard equipment on all R34 Skyline GT-R models.
ATTESA-E-TS Pro differs from the standard ATTESA-E-TS in a few ways. Where ATTESA-E-TS controls the front to rear torque-split, the Pro is also capable of left-and-right torque split to the rear wheels. This is done via an active rear limited-slip differential. Additionally, the ATTESA-E-TS Pro was marketed as controlling the four-wheel independent ABS braking system. This is not part of the AWD system, but the ECU makes use of the same sensors to determine wheel slip, and traction.
On ATTESA-E-TS Pro equipped vehicles, the front differential remains a standard limited slip differential, not being linked to the ATTESA-E-TS Pro system.
Models
ATTESA E-TS system is used in the following models:
R32 and R33 (1989-1997) GTS4 Skyline
GT-R - 1989–2003
Nissan Stagea
A31 Cefiro
Infiniti G35x/Nissan Skyline (V35 & V36) ((sportwagon versions only))
Infiniti FX
Nissan Fuga (Known as Infiniti M in export markets]]
ATTESA E-TS Pro system is used in the following models:
ATTESA E-TS Pro system is used in the following models:
R33 (1995-1997) Nissan Skyline GT-R (offered as a factory option)
R33 Nissan Skyline GT-R V-spec
R34 (1998-2002) Nissan Skyline GT-R (all models)
Post edited by: Teenage Kicks, at: 2007/08/01 16:18<br><br>Post edited by: Teenage Kicks, at: 2007/08/01 16:19
1992 Toyota Celica ST185 GT-Four Widebody
1997 Toyota Celica ST202 GT
CARAI AN SHEN AN CALHAR!!!!!
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